大菱鲆体重性状不同生长期的遗传分析

采用条件数量性状加性-显性遗传模型和统计分析方法, 对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)体重性状不同生长期进行遗传分析; 基于von Bertalanffy模型, 对大菱鲆6种交配组合的生长曲线划分为缓慢生长期、快速生长前期、快速生长后期和渐进期, 并与各生长期所对应的遗传分析结果进行比对。结果表明, 6种交配组合的缓慢生长期、快速生长前期和快速生长后期基本上是一致的。在缓慢生长期, 检测到新的条件加性方差和条件显性方差, 其相应的条件加性方差分量比率均未达到显著水平, 相应的条件显性方差分量比率均达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01); 在快速生长前期, 交互检测到达到极其显著水平的条件加性方差和条件显性方差, 其相应的条件加性方差分量比率和条件显性方差分量比率分别在15~18月龄和12~15月龄达到极显著水平(P<0.01); 在快速生长后期, 同时检测到达到极其显著水平的条件加性方差和条件显性方差, 其相应的条件加性方差分量比率和条件显性方差分量比率均达到极其显著水平(P<0.01), 但同期的条件显性方差分量比率高于条件加性方差分量比率。本研究通过探讨大菱鲆体重性状在特定生长发育期的遗传机理, 深入了解复杂数量性状时空动态变化的遗传生态学机制及其遗传规律, 旨在为提高大菱鲆育种的预见性和选择效率提供理论参考。

     

Modelling root and stem lodging in sunflower

Stem and root lodging constitute significant adversities to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cropping in Argentina. We have adapted previously developed models of the lodging process in cereals to the particularities of sunflower by using functions, developed using data obtained by mechanical lodging, for the [root failure moment/plant anchorage] and [stem failure moment/thickness of stem wall] relationships, and estimates of plant area loaded by wind gusts. The model uses this information to estimate wind failure speed (i.e., the wind speed at which lodging [stem or root, as appropriate] is expected to occur). The model was tested against information (plant and soil characteristics, measured wind gust velocity immediately preceding rainfall) obtained in 26 naturally lodged plots (6 stem-lodged, 20 root-lodged) which occurred across a network of trials (2 seasons, 4 sites, 3 hybrids, 4 crop population densities, all experiments fitted with automatic meteorological stations). Lodging events took place over a range of crop developmental stages between visible capitulum and harvest maturity. Lodging index (proportion of plants lodged) against the difference between observed and model-estimated wind failure speeds showed that the model had good predictive skill across the range of conditions explored in these experiments and was able to distinguish between hybrids of differential susceptibility to lodging within the same experiment. Sensitivity analyses showed that the principal determinants of lodging susceptibility were root plate diameter, stem wall thickness, and the area of the plant loaded by wind gusts. Within the observed ranges (almost twofold) of stem height and stem natural frequency, these two variables had little influence on lodging susceptibility. We conclude that the model, despite the simplifications incorporated into its structure, provides an effective and useful tool for the integration of the complex factors that determine lodging susceptibility in this species.     

麻鸭和樱桃谷鸭的CD3ε、CD4、CD8α基因ORF克隆及序列分析

 【目的】分析比较中国部分品种鸭的CD3ε、CD4和CD8α基因ORF序列,为研究CD3ε链、CD4和CD8α链的结构和功能及其抗体的应用提供依据。【方法】利用RT-PCR,对麻鸭、樱桃谷鸭的CD3ε、CD4和CD8α基因ORF序列克隆测定,应用ClustalX（1.83）和DNAstar生物学软件分别与GenBank上公布的北京鸭CD3ε（AF378704）、CD4（AF378701）和CD8α（AF378373）基因ORF序列进行序列分析。【结果】麻鸭、樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭CD3ε和CD4基因ORF序列及所编码的氨基酸同源性为99%;北京鸭和麻鸭CD8α基因ORF序列同源性为99%,与樱桃谷鸭的同源性为95%。麻鸭和北京鸭CD8α基因ORF序基因编码的氨基酸完全一致,与樱桃谷鸭的CD8α存在16处位点差异,其中胞外区有15个氨基酸的差异,使亲水性、抗原性以及此区域位于蛋白质表面的可能性都有明显差异。从遗传发生树得出樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭、麻鸭CD3ε和CD4的ORF序列相互之间的遗传关系近;樱桃谷鸭、麻鸭和北京鸭CD8α基因ORF序列之间的遗传关系较远。【结论】樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭、麻鸭CD3ε和CD4的ORF序列遗传变异性低,樱桃谷鸭与麻鸭和北京鸭CD8α基因ORF之间具有较高遗传变异性。     

Ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of six nutritive ingredients in leaves and stems of young tetraploid black locust in growing steers

Tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a woody plant with larger leaves and richer nutritional content than normal diploid black locust, with greater biomass and wider adaptability than herbaceous plant forage. However, currently no stockbreeders have adopted it as a major forage in China and other countries for a lack of information on the evaluation of nutritional ingredients of leaves and stems of young tetraploid black locust (YTBL) by in situ digesting tests. The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the nutritive value of YTBL that bourgeoned from root stumps in the spring by determining the ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) from leaves, stems and a mixture of both leaves and stems (MLS) of YTBL; 2) to compare these kinetic estimates with those of Leymus chinensis, a widely used ruminant forage in China. All samples were evaluated in situ by using five ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (550±22.7 kg BW). The results of 48 hours, the representative incubation period, indicate that in situ disappearance rates of DM and OM in YTBL leaves, stems and MLS are on average about 40% and can attain the level of digestibility of L. chinensis. In situ disappearance rates of leaves, stems and MLS of YTBL for CP and EE were 41% and 58% respectively, rates higher than those of L. chinensis. But the disappearance rates of NDF and ADF were, on average, respectively 30.62% and 24.89% and lower than those of L. chinensis. By analyzing synthetically all of our results it could be inferred that MLS of YTBL offers effective ruminal degradability of DM, NDF, ADF, CP, EE and OM, similar to the nutrients of L. chinensis. This supports our contention that the YTBL leaves, stems and MLS are suitable feed for those ruminants requiring high levels of nutrients, such as dairy cows and Boer goats, instead of plant forage, which is decidedly lacking in some parts of the world.     

融合注意力机制的枸杞虫害图文跨模态检索方法

针对现有农作物病虫害检索模态较为单一问题,以17种常见的枸杞虫害图像和文本描述为研究对象,将跨模态检索引入枸杞虫害检索领域,提出一种融合注意力机制的枸杞虫害图文跨模态检索方法.首先,借助Transformer模型和循环神经网络分别获取带有上下文信息的细粒度图像和文本特征序列;然后,利用注意力机制对特征序列进行聚合以挖掘...     

拟南芥rd29A基因启动子DNA片段的克隆、序列测定、分析

从拟南芥中分离到rd2 9A基因启动子DNA片段并克隆到 pMD 18克隆载体中 ,获得pRDP重组载体 ,将克隆测序 ,并对序列进行分析。     

挖坑机的改进设计和钻头的模态分析

分析了目前国内常用挖坑机的特点,提出了一种适用于园林绿化作业的新型自行式挖坑机,设计了其总体结构,并用Pro/E4.0进行了三维实体造型.该机的主要特点是能耗低、体积小、转动灵活和作业时对地表破坏小;车体本身为多功能作业机,车体的行走与转向、钻头主轴的纵向进给以及旋转运动均为液压缸或液压马达驱动,有利于该机工作的稳定性,能实现过载保护.并用ANSYS Workbench 12.0对挖坑机钻头进行了模态分析,分析了挖坑机钻头的固有频率,得到了其临界转速,为挖坑机工作转速的确定提供了参考依据.最后,提出了钻头改进的几点建议.     

基于ANSYS Workbench的马铃薯茎叶清理装置模态分析

运用三维造型软件Pro/E绘制了一种牵引式马铃薯联合收获机茎叶清理装置的实体图,应用ANSYSWorkbench有限元分析软件,对其建立有限元网格模型,进行有限元约束处理,通过对清叶装置进行模态分析,得到了清叶装置前6阶的振型图.通过对振型图的分析可以发现;清叶装置的前6阶振动固有频率随着阶次的增大而增加,其中第1阶和第2阶主振型由沿轴向窜动、绕轴向转动和切刀刀片左右摆动组成;第3阶到第6阶各阶频率比较接近,其主振型为切刀刀片左右摆动.通过模态分析,确定了前6阶振动固有频率范围内的各阶模态特性.同时,也为其它动态特性的分析,如谐响应分析、瞬态动力学分析等提供了前期基础.     

云南烟区气象因子与烤烟化学成分的灰色关联度分析

通过采集云南省代表烟区烤烟样品和收集相关地点气象资料,应用灰色关联分析原理分析云南烟区烤烟化学成分与30个气象因子之间关联度。结果表明,云南烟叶质量稳定性和化学成分均衡性较好。碱含量与成熟期的平均气温的关联度最大。总糖含量与旺长期平均日照时数和平均日照全辐射的关联度最大。还原糖含量与气象因子的关联度和总糖基本一致。总氮含量与成熟期平均气温关联度最为密切。钾含量与成熟期平均相对湿度有较高关联度。氯含量与团棵期的平均相对湿度关联度最大。可见,大田期的平均气温、团棵期的平均相对湿度和成熟期平均日照时数是影响烤烟化学成分积累的关键气象因子。